Sent: Thursday, September 04, 2003 2:26 PM
Subject: [TheBlackList] !*Who is Mutulu Shakur?

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BIOGRAPHY OF DR. MUTULU SHAKUR
Date of Birth: August 8, 1950
Nationality: New Afrikan
Incarcerated at: Atlanta, GA

Dr. Mutulu Shakur is a New Afrikan (Black) man whose primary work has been in the area of health. He is a doctor of acupuncture and was a co-founderand director of two institutions devoted to improving health care in the Black community.

Mutulu Shakur was born on August 8, 1950, in Baltimore, Maryland as Jeral Wayne Williams. At age 5 he moved to Jamaica, Queens, New York City with his mother and younger sister. Shakur's political and social consciousness began to develop early in his life. His mother suffered not only from being Black and female, but was also blind. These elements constituted Shakur's
first confrontation with the state, while assisting his mother to negotiate through the maze that made up the social service system. Through this experience Shakur learned that the system did not operate in the interests
of Black people and that Black people must control the institutions that affects their their lives.

Since the age 16, Dr. Shakur has been a part of the New Afrikan Independence
Movement. As a part of this movement Dr. Shakur has been a target of the illegal Counterintelligence Program carried out by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (COINTELPRO). This was a secret police strategy used in the
U.S. starting in the 1960's to destroy/neutralize progressive and
revolutionary organizations. It is believed that Dr. Shakur's resistance to
this program led to his arrest and trial.

During the late sixties Dr. Shakur was also politically active and worked with the Revolutionary Action Movement (RAM), a Black Nationalist group which struggled for Black self-determination and socialist change in
America. He was also a member of the Provisional Government of the Republic of New Afrika which endorsed the founding of an independent New Afrikan(Black) Republic and the establishment of an independent Black state in the
southern U.S.

In 1970 Dr. Shakur was employed by the Lincoln Detox (detoxification)Community (addiction treatment) Program as a political education
instructor. His role evolved to include counseling and treatment of
withdrawal symptoms with acupuncture. Eventually he became the Program's
Assistant Director and remained associated with the program until 1978.

From 1978 to 1982, Dr. Shakur was the Co-Founder and Co-Director of the
Black Acupuncture Advisory Association of North America (BAAANA) and the
Harlem Institute of Acupuncture. Where, at Lincoln, Dr. Shakur had managed a detox program recognized as the largest and most effective of its kind by the National Institute of Drug Abuse, National Acupuncture Research Society and the World Academic Society of Acupuncture, at BAAANA he continued his remarkable work and also treated thousands of poor and elderly patients who would otherwise have no access to treatment of this type. Many community leaders, political activists, lawyers and doctors were served by BAAANA and over one hundred medical students were trained in the discipline of
acupuncture.

By the late 1970's Dr. Shakur's work in acupuncture and drug detoxification was both nationally and internationally known and he was invited to address
members of the medical community around the world. Dr. Shakur lectured on
his work at many medical conferences, and was invited to the People's
Republic of China.

Dr. Shakur has furthermore been a dedicated worker and champion in the struggle against political imprisonment and political convictions of Black Activists in America. He has been a leader in the struggle against the illegal U.S. and local American law enforcement programs designed to destroy the Black movement in America and has worked to expose and to stop
the secret American war against its Black colony.

Through his political work, Dr. Shakur has been associated with the Committee to Defend Herman Ferguson, a Black activist and educator charged
with conspiracy in the RAM conspiracy case of the 1960's; the National Task
Force for COINTELPRO Litigation and Research, which researched and
initiated suits against the FBI and American law enforcement agencies for criminal acts, spying and counter-insurgency warfare tactics; and the
National Conference of Black Lawyers. He has also endorsed support for the legal defense of political prisoners and prisoners of war, including Imari Obadele, Ph.D., Rev. Ben Chavis, Geronimo (Pratt) JiJaga of the BlackPanther Party, and Assata Shakur and Sundiata Acoli of the Black Liberation
Army.

In March 1982, Dr. Shakur and 10 others were indicted by a federal grandjury under a set of U.S. conspiracy laws called "Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization" (RICO) laws. These conspiracy laws were ostensibly developed to aid the government in its prosecution of organized crime figures; however, they have been used with varying degrees of success against revolutionary organizations. Dr. Shakur was charged with conspiracy and participation in a clandestine paramilitary unit that carried out actual and attempted expropriations from several banks. Eight (8) incidents were alleged to have occurred between December 1976 to October 1981. Iaddition he was charged with participation in the 1979 prison escape of Assata Shakur, who is now in exile in Cuba.

After three and a half years underground, Dr. Shakur was arrested on
February 12, 1986.